Wherever two roof surfaces intersect, or where shingles reach a vent pipe or chimney, roofers cement or nail flashing strips of metal or shingle over the joints to make them watertight. Workers measure and cut the felt and shingles to fit intersecting roof surfaces and to fit around vent pipes and chimneys. Then, starting from the bottom edge, they staple or nail overlapping rows of shingles to the roof. To apply shingles, roofers first lay, cut, and tack 3-foot strips of roofing felt lengthwise over the entire roof. Most residential roofs are covered with shingles. The building must be of sufficient strength to hold the ballast. Adhesive mechanical fasteners, or stone ballast hold the sheets in place. Roofers roll these sheets over the roof’s insulation and seal the seams. An increasing number of flat roofs are covered with a single-ply membrane of waterproof rubber or thermoplastic compounds. The top layer either is glazed to make a smooth finish or has gravel embedded in the hot bitumen to create a rough surface. Roofers repeat these steps to build up the desired number of layers, called plies. This seals the seams and makes the surface watertight. Roofers use a mop to spread hot bitumen over the surface and under the next layer.
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Next, they install partially overlapping layers of roofing felt, a fabric saturated in bitumen, over the surface. Over the insulation, they then spread a coat of molten bitumen, a tar-like substance. Roofers first put a layer of insulation on the roof deck. Most flat roofs are covered with several layers of materials. Some roofers work on both types others specialize. Most commercial, industrial and apartment buildings have flat or slightly sloping roofs. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched (sloped). Roofers also may waterproof foundation walls and floors. To protect buildings and their contents from water damage, roofers repair and install roofs made of tar or asphalt and gravel rubber or thermoplastic metal or shingles made of asphalt, slate, fiberglass, wood, tile, or other material. Also, seasonal changes in the weather are usually the most destructive forces.Ī leaky roof can damage ceilings, walls and furnishings.
The best way to preserve your roof is to stay off it. including composition shingle, wood shake, tile or metal. Clogged rain gutters can cause water to flow back under the shingles on the eaves and cause damage, regardless of the roofing material. Debris in the valleys can cause water to wick under the shingles and cause damage to the interior of the roof. Homeowner maintenance includes cleaning the leaves and debris from the roof’s valleys and gutters. The concerns regarding moisture, standing water, durability and appearance are different, reflected in the choices of roofing materials. In fact, if designed correctly, roof overhangs can protect the building’s exterior walls from moisture and sun.
Roofs also provide protection from the sun.
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The roof, insulation and ventilation must all work together to keep the building free of moisture. Roofs play a key role in protecting building occupants and interiors from outside weather conditions, primarily moisture.
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